Namespaces
namespace	detail

namespace	dsl

namespace	finiteVolume

namespace	la

namespace	sundials

namespace	timeIntegration

Classes
class	ArgList

class	BaseClassData
	Represents the data for a base class. More...

class	BaseClassDocumentation
	Provides a mechanism for registering and retrieving documentation for base and derived classes. More...

class	BoundaryFields
	Represents the boundary fields for a computational domain. More...

class	BoundaryMesh
	Represents boundaries of an unstructured mesh. More...

class	Collection
	A type-erased interface collection types. More...

class	CollectionMixin
	A mixin class for collection of documents in a database to simplify the implementation of common operations. More...

class	CPUExecutor
	Executor for handling multicore CPU based parallelization. More...

class	Database

class	DerivedClassDocumentation
	Class representing the documentation for a derived class. More...

class	Dictionary
	A class representing a dictionary that stores key-value pairs. More...

class	DimensionMismatch
	Error for handling two containers of incompatible lengths. More...

class	Document
	A class representing a document in a database. More...

class	DomainField
	Represents the domain fields for a computational domain. More...

class	Error
	Base class for consistent error representation. More...

class	Field
	A class to contain the data and executors for a field and define some basic operations. More...

class	GPUExecutor
	Executor for GPU offloading. More...

class	NeoFOAMException
	Custom exception class for NeoFOAM. More...

struct	Parameters

struct	RegisterDocumentation
	Template struct for registering documentation of a base class. More...

class	RuntimeSelectionFactory
	A factory class for runtime selection of derived classes. More...

class	RuntimeSelectionFactory< Base, Parameters< Args... > >

class	SegmentedField
	Data structure that stores a segmented fields or a vector of vectors. More...

class	SegmentedFieldView
	A class representing a segment of indices. More...

class	SerialExecutor
	Reference executor for serial CPU execution. More...

class	Span

class	StencilDataBase
	A class that represents a stencil database. More...

struct	SumKernel

class	Time

class	TokenList
	A class representing a list of tokens. More...

class	UnstructuredMesh
	Represents an unstructured mesh in NeoFOAM. More...

class	Vector
	A class for the representation of a 3D Vector. More...

Concepts
concept	parallelForKernel

concept	parallelForFieldKernel

Typedefs
using	DocumentValidator = std::function< bool(Dictionary)>
	A type alias for a function that validates a Dictionary object.

using	Executor = std::variant< SerialExecutor, CPUExecutor, GPUExecutor >

using	Input = std::variant< Dictionary, TokenList >

using	label = int32_t

using	localIdx = uint32_t

using	globalIdx = uint64_t

using	size_t = std::size_t

using	mpi_label_t = int

typedef float	scalar

using	word = std::string

using	labelField = NeoFOAM::Field< label >

using	scalarField = NeoFOAM::Field< scalar >

using	vectorField = NeoFOAM::Field< Vector >

Functions
template<typename Type >
void	validateRegistration (const Type &obj, const std::string errorMessage)
	Validates that a field is registered in the database.

bool	hasId (Dictionary doc)
	Checks if a Dictionary object has an "id" key.

const std::string &	name (const NeoFOAM::Document &doc)
	Retrieves the name of a Document.

std::string &	name (NeoFOAM::Document &doc)
	Retrieves the name of a Document.

std::string	demangle (const char *mangledName)

template<typename T , typename Container , typename Key >
void	logBadAnyCast (const std::bad_any_cast &e, const Key &key, const Container &data)

void	logOutRange (const std::out_of_range &e, const std::string &key, const std::unordered_map< std::string, std::any > &data)

bool	operator== (const Executor &lhs, const Executor &rhs)
	Checks if two executors are equal, i.e. they are of the same type.

bool	operator!= (const Executor &lhs, const Executor &rhs)
	Checks if two executors are not equal, i.e. they are not of the same type.

template<class DataClass >
DataClass	read (Input input)

template<typename Executor , parallelForKernel Kernel>
void	parallelFor (const Executor &exec, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range, Kernel kernel, std::string name="parallelFor")

template<parallelForKernel Kernel>
void	parallelFor (const NeoFOAM::Executor &exec, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range, Kernel kernel, std::string name="parallelFor")

template<typename Executor , typename ValueType , parallelForFieldKernel< ValueType > Kernel>
void	parallelFor (const Executor &exec, Field< ValueType > &field, Kernel kernel, std::string name="parallelFor")

template<typename ValueType , parallelForFieldKernel< ValueType > Kernel>
void	parallelFor (Field< ValueType > &field, Kernel kernel, std::string name="parallelFor")

template<typename Executor , typename Kernel , typename T >
void	parallelReduce (const Executor &exec, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range, Kernel kernel, T &value)

template<typename Kernel , typename T >
void	parallelReduce (const NeoFOAM::Executor &exec, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range, Kernel kernel, T &value)

template<typename Executor , typename ValueType , typename Kernel , typename T >
void	parallelReduce (const Executor &exec, Field< ValueType > &field, Kernel kernel, T &value)

template<typename ValueType , typename Kernel , typename T >
void	parallelReduce (Field< ValueType > &field, Kernel kernel, T &value)

template<typename Executor , typename Kernel >
void	parallelScan (const Executor &exec, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range, Kernel kernel)

template<typename Kernel >
void	parallelScan (const NeoFOAM::Executor &exec, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range, Kernel kernel)

template<typename Executor , typename Kernel , typename ReturnType >
void	parallelScan (const Executor &exec, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range, Kernel kernel, ReturnType &returnValue)

template<typename Kernel , typename ReturnType >
void	parallelScan (const NeoFOAM::Executor &exec, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range, Kernel kernel, ReturnType &returnValue)

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION Vector	operator* (const scalar &sclr, Vector rhs)

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION Vector	operator& (const Vector &lhs, Vector rhs)

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION scalar	mag (const Vector &vec)

std::ostream &	operator<< (std::ostream &out, const Vector &vec)

template<typename T >
Field< T >	operator+ (Field< T > lhs, const Field< T > &rhs)
	Arithmetic add operator, addition of two fields.

template<typename T >
Field< T >	operator- (Field< T > lhs, const Field< T > &rhs)
	Arithmetic subtraction operator, subtraction one field from another.

template<typename T , typename Inner >
void	map (Field< T > &a, const Inner inner, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range={0, 0})
	Map a field using a specific executor.

template<typename ValueType >
void	fill (Field< ValueType > &a, const std::type_identity_t< ValueType > value, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range={0, 0})
	Fill the field with a scalar value using a specific executor.

template<typename ValueType >
void	setField (Field< ValueType > &a, const std::span< const std::type_identity_t< ValueType > > b, std::pair< size_t, size_t > range={0, 0})
	Set the field with a span of values using a specific executor.

template<typename ValueType >
void	scalarMul (Field< ValueType > &a, const std::type_identity_t< ValueType > value)

template<typename ValueType >
void	add (Field< ValueType > &a, const Field< std::type_identity_t< ValueType > > &b)

template<typename ValueType >
void	sub (Field< ValueType > &a, const Field< std::type_identity_t< ValueType > > &b)

template<typename ValueType >
void	mul (Field< ValueType > &a, const Field< std::type_identity_t< ValueType > > &b)

template<typename... Args>
auto	spans (Args &... fields)

template<typename... Args>
auto	copyToHosts (Args &... fields)

template<typename T >
bool	equal (Field< T > &field, T value)

template<typename T >
bool	equal (const Field< T > &field, const Field< T > &field2)

template<typename T >
bool	equal (const Field< T > &field, std::span< T > span2)

template<typename T >
T	sum (const Field< T > &field)

template<>
scalar	sum (const Field< scalar > &field)

template<typename IndexType >
IndexType	segmentsFromIntervals (const Field< IndexType > &intervals, Field< IndexType > &offsets)
	Compute segment offsets from an input field corresponding to lengths by computing a prefix sum.

UnstructuredMesh	createSingleCellMesh (const Executor exec)
	creates a mesh containing only a single cell @warn currently this is only a 2D mesh

UnstructuredMesh	create1DUniformMesh (const Executor exec, const size_t nCells)
	A factory function for a 1D mesh.

Variables
constexpr scalar	ROOTVSMALL = 1e-18

Typedef Documentation

◆ DocumentValidator

NeoFOAM::DocumentValidator

A type alias for a function that validates a Dictionary object.

This type alias represents a function that takes a Dictionary object as an argument and returns a boolean value indicating whether the Dictionary is valid or not.

Example usage:

DocumentValidator validator = [](Dictionary dict) -> bool {
    // Validation logic here
    return true; // or false based on validation
};

Definition at line 30 of file document.hpp.

◆ Executor

using NeoFOAM::Executor = typedef std::variant<SerialExecutor, CPUExecutor, GPUExecutor>

Definition at line 16 of file executor.hpp.

◆ globalIdx

using NeoFOAM::globalIdx = typedef uint64_t

Definition at line 16 of file label.hpp.

◆ Input

using NeoFOAM::Input = typedef std::variant<Dictionary, TokenList>

Definition at line 13 of file input.hpp.

◆ label

using NeoFOAM::label = typedef int32_t

Definition at line 13 of file label.hpp.

◆ labelField

using NeoFOAM::labelField = typedef NeoFOAM::Field<label>

Definition at line 13 of file fieldTypeDefs.hpp.

◆ localIdx

using NeoFOAM::localIdx = typedef uint32_t

Definition at line 14 of file label.hpp.

◆ mpi_label_t

using NeoFOAM::mpi_label_t = typedef int

Definition at line 18 of file label.hpp.

◆ scalar

typedef float NeoFOAM::scalar

Definition at line 11 of file scalar.hpp.

◆ scalarField

using NeoFOAM::scalarField = typedef NeoFOAM::Field<scalar>

Definition at line 14 of file fieldTypeDefs.hpp.

◆ size_t

using NeoFOAM::size_t = typedef std::size_t

Definition at line 17 of file label.hpp.

◆ vectorField

using NeoFOAM::vectorField = typedef NeoFOAM::Field<Vector>

Definition at line 15 of file fieldTypeDefs.hpp.

◆ word

using NeoFOAM::word = typedef std::string

Definition at line 15 of file time.hpp.

Function Documentation

◆ add()

template<typename ValueType >

void NeoFOAM::add	(	Field< ValueType > &	a,
		const Field< std::type_identity_t< ValueType > > &	b
	)

Definition at line 119 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ copyToHosts()

template<typename... Args>

auto NeoFOAM::copyToHosts ( Args &... fields )

Definition at line 150 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ create1DUniformMesh()

UnstructuredMesh NeoFOAM::create1DUniformMesh	(	const Executor	exec,
		const size_t	nCells
	)

A factory function for a 1D mesh.

A 1D mesh in 3D space in which each cell has a left and a right face. The 1D mesh is aligned with the x coordinate of Cartesian coordinate system.

◆ createSingleCellMesh()

UnstructuredMesh NeoFOAM::createSingleCellMesh ( const Executor exec )

creates a mesh containing only a single cell @warn currently this is only a 2D mesh

a 2D mesh in 3D space with left, right, top, bottom boundary faces with the centre at (0.5, 0.5, 0.0) left, top, right, bottom faces and four boundaries one left, right, top, bottom

◆ demangle()

std::string NeoFOAM::demangle ( const char * mangledName )

◆ equal() [1/3]

template<typename T >

bool NeoFOAM::equal	(	const Field< T > &	field,
		const Field< T > &	field2
	)

Definition at line 171 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ equal() [2/3]

template<typename T >

bool NeoFOAM::equal	(	const Field< T > &	field,
		std::span< T >	span2
	)

Definition at line 193 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ equal() [3/3]

template<typename T >

bool NeoFOAM::equal	(	Field< T > &	field,
		T	value
	)

Definition at line 156 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ fill()

template<typename ValueType >

void NeoFOAM::fill	(	Field< ValueType > &	a,
		const std::type_identity_t< ValueType >	value,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range = `{0, 0}`
	)

Fill the field with a scalar value using a specific executor.

Parameters

field	The field to fill.
value	The scalar value to fill the field with.
range	The range to fill the field in. If not provided, the whole field is filled.

Definition at line 50 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ hasId()

bool NeoFOAM::hasId ( Dictionary doc )

Checks if a Dictionary object has an "id" key.

This function checks if the given Dictionary object has an "id" key.

Parameters

doc	The Dictionary object to check.

Returns: true if the Dictionary has an "id" key, false otherwise.

◆ logBadAnyCast()

template<typename T , typename Container , typename Key >

void NeoFOAM::logBadAnyCast	(	const std::bad_any_cast &	e,
		const Key &	key,
		const Container &	data
	)

Definition at line 19 of file demangle.hpp.

◆ logOutRange()

void NeoFOAM::logOutRange	(	const std::out_of_range &	e,
		const std::string &	key,
		const std::unordered_map< std::string, std::any > &	data
	)

◆ mag()

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION scalar NeoFOAM::mag ( const Vector & vec )

Definition at line 152 of file vector.hpp.

◆ map()

template<typename T , typename Inner >

void NeoFOAM::map	(	Field< T > &	a,
		const Inner	inner,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range = `{0, 0}`
	)

Map a field using a specific executor.

Parameters

a	The field to map.
inner	The function to apply to each element of the field.
range	The range to map the field in. If not provided, the whole field is mapped.

Definition at line 29 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ mul()

template<typename ValueType >

void NeoFOAM::mul	(	Field< ValueType > &	a,
		const Field< std::type_identity_t< ValueType > > &	b
	)

Definition at line 136 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ name() [1/2]

const std::string & NeoFOAM::name ( const NeoFOAM::Document & doc )

Retrieves the name of a Document.

This function retrieves the name of the Document by looking up the "name" key in the Document's Dictionary object.

Parameters

doc	The Document to retrieve the name from.

Returns: std::string The name of the Document.

◆ name() [2/2]

std::string & NeoFOAM::name ( NeoFOAM::Document & doc )

Retrieves the name of a Document.

This function retrieves the name of the Document by looking up the "name" key in the Document's Dictionary object.

Parameters

doc	The Document to retrieve the name from.

Returns: std::string The name of the Document.

◆ operator!=()

bool NeoFOAM::operator!=	(	const Executor &	lhs,
		const Executor &	rhs
	)

inline

Checks if two executors are not equal, i.e. they are not of the same type.

Parameters

lhs	The first executor.
rhs	The second executor.

Returns: True if the executors not are equal, false otherwise.

Definition at line 51 of file executor.hpp.

◆ operator&()

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION Vector NeoFOAM::operator&	(	const Vector &	lhs,
		Vector	rhs
	)

Definition at line 146 of file vector.hpp.

◆ operator*()

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION Vector NeoFOAM::operator*	(	const scalar &	sclr,
		Vector	rhs
	)

Definition at line 139 of file vector.hpp.

◆ operator+()

template<typename T >

Field< T > NeoFOAM::operator+	(	Field< T >	lhs,
		const Field< T > &	rhs
	)

Arithmetic add operator, addition of two fields.

Parameters

lhs	The field to add with this field.
rhs	The field to add with this field.

Returns: The result of the addition.

Definition at line 438 of file field.hpp.

◆ operator-()

template<typename T >

Field< T > NeoFOAM::operator-	(	Field< T >	lhs,
		const Field< T > &	rhs
	)

Arithmetic subtraction operator, subtraction one field from another.

Parameters

lhs	The field to subtract from.
rhs	The field to subtract by.

Returns: The result of the subtraction.

Definition at line 451 of file field.hpp.

◆ operator<<()

std::ostream & NeoFOAM::operator<<	(	std::ostream &	out,
		const Vector &	vec
	)

◆ operator==()

bool NeoFOAM::operator==	(	const Executor &	lhs,
		const Executor &	rhs
	)

inline

Checks if two executors are equal, i.e. they are of the same type.

Parameters

lhs	The first executor.
rhs	The second executor.

Returns: True if the executors are equal, false otherwise.

Definition at line 24 of file executor.hpp.

◆ parallelFor() [1/4]

template<typename Executor , typename ValueType , parallelForFieldKernel< ValueType > Kernel>

void NeoFOAM::parallelFor	(	const Executor &	exec,
		Field< ValueType > &	field,
		Kernel	kernel,
		std::string	name = `"parallelFor"`
	)

Definition at line 74 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelFor() [2/4]

template<typename Executor , parallelForKernel Kernel>

void NeoFOAM::parallelFor	(	const Executor &	exec,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range,
		Kernel	kernel,
		std::string	name = `"parallelFor"`
	)

Definition at line 27 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelFor() [3/4]

template<parallelForKernel Kernel>

void NeoFOAM::parallelFor	(	const NeoFOAM::Executor &	exec,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range,
		Kernel	kernel,
		std::string	name = `"parallelFor"`
	)

Definition at line 55 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelFor() [4/4]

template<typename ValueType , parallelForFieldKernel< ValueType > Kernel>

void NeoFOAM::parallelFor	(	Field< ValueType > &	field,
		Kernel	kernel,
		std::string	name = `"parallelFor"`
	)

Definition at line 102 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelReduce() [1/4]

template<typename Executor , typename ValueType , typename Kernel , typename T >

void NeoFOAM::parallelReduce	(	const Executor &	exec,
		Field< ValueType > &	field,
		Kernel	kernel,
		T &	value
	)

Definition at line 146 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelReduce() [2/4]

template<typename Executor , typename Kernel , typename T >

void NeoFOAM::parallelReduce	(	const Executor &	exec,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range,
		Kernel	kernel,
		T &	value
	)

Definition at line 108 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelReduce() [3/4]

template<typename Kernel , typename T >

void NeoFOAM::parallelReduce	(	const NeoFOAM::Executor &	exec,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range,
		Kernel	kernel,
		T &	value
	)

Definition at line 137 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelReduce() [4/4]

template<typename ValueType , typename Kernel , typename T >

void NeoFOAM::parallelReduce	(	Field< ValueType > &	field,
		Kernel	kernel,
		T &	value
	)

Definition at line 175 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelScan() [1/4]

template<typename Executor , typename Kernel >

void NeoFOAM::parallelScan	(	const Executor &	exec,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range,
		Kernel	kernel
	)

Definition at line 183 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelScan() [2/4]

template<typename Executor , typename Kernel , typename ReturnType >

void NeoFOAM::parallelScan	(	const Executor &	exec,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range,
		Kernel	kernel,
		ReturnType &	returnValue
	)

Definition at line 199 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelScan() [3/4]

template<typename Kernel >

void NeoFOAM::parallelScan	(	const NeoFOAM::Executor &	exec,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range,
		Kernel	kernel
	)

Definition at line 193 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ parallelScan() [4/4]

template<typename Kernel , typename ReturnType >

void NeoFOAM::parallelScan	(	const NeoFOAM::Executor &	exec,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range,
		Kernel	kernel,
		ReturnType &	returnValue
	)

Definition at line 214 of file parallelAlgorithms.hpp.

◆ read()

template<class DataClass >

DataClass NeoFOAM::read ( Input input )

Definition at line 16 of file input.hpp.

◆ scalarMul()

template<typename ValueType >

void NeoFOAM::scalarMul	(	Field< ValueType > &	a,
		const std::type_identity_t< ValueType >	value
	)

Definition at line 94 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ segmentsFromIntervals()

template<typename IndexType >

IndexType NeoFOAM::segmentsFromIntervals	(	const Field< IndexType > &	intervals,
		Field< IndexType > &	offsets
	)

Compute segment offsets from an input field corresponding to lengths by computing a prefix sum.

The offsets are computed by a prefix sum of the input values. So, with given input of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} the offsets are {0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15}. Note that the length of offSpan must be length of valSpan + 1 and are all elements of offSpan are required to be zero

Parameters

[in]	in	The values to compute the offsets from.
[in,out]	offsets	The field to store the resulting offsets in.

Definition at line 24 of file segmentedField.hpp.

◆ setField()

template<typename ValueType >

void NeoFOAM::setField	(	Field< ValueType > &	a,
		const std::span< const std::type_identity_t< ValueType > >	b,
		std::pair< size_t, size_t >	range = `{0, 0}`
	)

Set the field with a span of values using a specific executor.

Parameters

a	The field to set.
b	The span of values to set the field with.
range	The range to set the field in. If not provided, the whole field is set.

Definition at line 76 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ spans()

template<typename... Args>

auto NeoFOAM::spans ( Args &... fields )

Definition at line 144 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ sub()

template<typename ValueType >

void NeoFOAM::sub	(	Field< ValueType > &	a,
		const Field< std::type_identity_t< ValueType > > &	b
	)

Definition at line 128 of file fieldFreeFunctions.hpp.

◆ sum() [1/2]

template<>

scalar NeoFOAM::sum ( const Field< scalar > & field )

Definition at line 67 of file sum.hpp.

◆ sum() [2/2]

template<typename T >

T NeoFOAM::sum ( const Field< T > & field )

Definition at line 58 of file sum.hpp.

◆ validateRegistration()

template<typename Type >

void NeoFOAM::validateRegistration	(	const Type &	obj,
		const std::string	errorMessage
	)

Validates that a field is registered in the database.

Template Parameters

Type	The type of the field.

Parameters

field The field to validate.

Exceptions

std::runtime_error if the field is not registered in the database.

Definition at line 119 of file database.hpp.

Variable Documentation

◆ ROOTVSMALL

constexpr scalar NeoFOAM::ROOTVSMALL = 1e-18

constexpr

Definition at line 14 of file scalar.hpp.

Namespaces

Classes

Concepts

Typedefs

Functions

Variables

Typedef Documentation

◆ DocumentValidator

◆ Executor

◆ globalIdx

◆ Input

◆ label

◆ labelField

◆ localIdx

◆ mpi_label_t

◆ scalar

◆ scalarField

◆ size_t

◆ vectorField

◆ word

Function Documentation

◆ add()

◆ copyToHosts()

◆ create1DUniformMesh()

◆ createSingleCellMesh()

◆ demangle()

◆ equal() [1/3]

◆ equal() [2/3]

◆ equal() [3/3]

◆ fill()

◆ hasId()

◆ logBadAnyCast()

◆ logOutRange()

◆ mag()

◆ map()

◆ mul()

◆ name() [1/2]

◆ name() [2/2]

◆ operator!=()

◆ operator&()

◆ operator*()

◆ operator+()

◆ operator-()

◆ operator<<()

◆ operator==()

◆ parallelFor() [1/4]

◆ parallelFor() [2/4]

◆ parallelFor() [3/4]

◆ parallelFor() [4/4]

◆ parallelReduce() [1/4]

◆ parallelReduce() [2/4]

◆ parallelReduce() [3/4]

◆ parallelReduce() [4/4]

◆ parallelScan() [1/4]

◆ parallelScan() [2/4]

◆ parallelScan() [3/4]

◆ parallelScan() [4/4]

◆ read()

◆ scalarMul()

◆ segmentsFromIntervals()

◆ setField()

◆ spans()

◆ sub()

◆ sum() [1/2]

◆ sum() [2/2]

◆ validateRegistration()

Variable Documentation

◆ ROOTVSMALL